This project evaluates balanced, steady-state electrical load using RMS voltage and current. Unless otherwise stated, three-phase voltage is line-to-line.
- Single-phase real power: P = V × I × cosφ
- Three-phase real power: P = √3 × VLL × I × cosφ
- Single-phase apparent power: S = V × I
- Three-phase apparent power: S = √3 × VLL × I
- Reactive power: Q = S × sinφ, equivalently Q = P × tanφ
- Demand load: Pdemand = Σ Pi × fdemand,i
Here cosφ is power factor. Voltages are in volts, current in amperes, real power in watts, reactive power in vars, and apparent power in volt-amperes. For a mechanical-output load, electrical input also includes efficiency: Pin = Pout / η.